If the DNS forwarder is enabled, the DHCP service (if enabled) will automatically serve the LAN IP address as a DNS server to DHCP clients so they will use the forwarder. The DNS forwarder will use the DNS servers entered in System: General setup or those obtained via DHCP or PPP on WAN if the "Allow DNS server list to be overridden by DHCP/PPP on WAN" is checked. If you don't use that option (or if you use a static IP address on WAN), you must manually specify at least one DNS server on the System: General setup page.
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This is important for instance if you have your DHCP clients renewing their IP address information every 3 days, but every day your WAN IP changes from your ISP. If your ISP changed the DNS servers on you then it would be 2 days until your DHCP clients received the correct information. By using your LAN IP address, all LAN network clients are assured of a working DNS server as long as the m0n0wall has received a good DNS IP address to use... even if it just received the new DNS information a minute ago. This also allows a network administrator to easily redirect all traffic to a new internal DNS server (maybe while transitioning a new server into the network).
Enabling the DNS Forwarder Check the first checkbox, "Enable DNS forwarder", to enable the service on the LAN interface. After enabling this, you will need to configure your client machines to use the LAN IP address of your m0n0wall as their DNS server.
If there are certain DNS host names you want to override for your internal DNS clients, add them under DNS overrides on this page. For example, if you want www.yourcompany.com to point to a different site internally than it does from the Internet, enter an override for www.yourcompany.com with the appropriate IP address. This can also be used as a rudimentary (and easy to bypass) filter on web sites LAN clients can visit, by assigning the undesired host name to an invalid IP address. For example, to block www.example.com, put in an override to redirect it to an invalid IP address, such as 1.2.3.4. Note that using a different DNS server or editing the hosts file on the client machine gets around this restriction, but doing this is sufficient to block the site for the vast majority of users.
If you use an NT 4 domain, or have pre-Windows 2000 clients that need to access an Active Directory domain, you will need to fill in your WINS server IP addresses in these boxes. If you only have one WINS server, leave the second box blank.
The default lease time is the length of the DHCP lease on any clients that do not request a specific expiration time on their DHCP lease. The default is 7200 seconds, or two hours. For the vast majority of network environments, this is too low. I would generally recommend setting this to a week, which is 604,800 seconds.
Static DHCP mappings can be used to assign the same IP address every time to a particular host. This can be helpful if you define access rules on the firewall or on other hosts on your LAN based on IP address, but still want to use DHCP. Alternatively, you can keep the IP address box blank to assign an IP out of the available range, when you are using the "Deny unknown clients" option.
In the MAC address box, fill in the system's MAC address in the format xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx. For Windows NT/2000/XP clients, you can get determine the MAC address by opening up a command prompt and typing 'ipconfig'. For Windows 95/98/ME clients, go to Start, Run, winipcfg. For Unix clients, use ifconfig.
In the IP address box, fill in the IP address you want to be assigned to the client, or leave it blank to automatically assign one from the available DHCP range. If you put in a static IP address, it must not be within the range of the DHCP server.
The captive portal technique forces a HTTP client on a network to see a special web page (usually for Authentication) before surfing the Internet normally. This is done by intercepting all HTTP traffic, regardless of address, until the user is allowed to exit the portal. You will see captive portals in use at most Wi-Fi hotspots. It can be used to control wired access (e.g. apartment houses, business centers, "open" Ethernet jacks) as well.
Logout popup window - If enabled, a popup window will appear when clients are allowed through the captive portal. This allows clients to explicitly disconnect themselves before the idle or hard timeout occurs. When RADIUS accounting is enabled, this option is implied.
This chapter will go over configuring a site to site Virtual Private Network (VPN) links between two m0n0walls, discuss how to configure site to site links with third party IPsec-compliant devices and discuss VPN to remote IPSec client software. Once you have IPSec properly configured you will be able to take advantage of the following capabilities:
m0n0wall provides two means of remote access VPN, PPTP and IPsec (with OpenVPN available in beta versions only for now). m0n0wall's mobile IPsec functionality has some serious limitations that hinder its practicality for many deployments. m0n0wall version 1.2 does not support NAT-Traversal (NAT-T) for IPsec, which means if any of your client machines are behind NAT, IPsec VPN will not work. This alone eliminates it as a possibility for most environments, since remote users will almost always need access from behind NAT. Many home networks use a NAT router of some sort, as do most hot spot locations, hotel networks, etc.
Most operating systems include IPsec clients. Windows 2000 and above includes a free IPsec client but it is also difficult to configure. MacOSX 10.3 and later also includes a free IPsec client but the free configuration tool is for a special version of IPsec called L2TP/IPsec. Free configuration tools exist for both operating systems but commercial solutions, at least for Windows, are more evolved and easier to use than the built-in free version.
m0n0wall does not support L2TP so if your IPsec client software only supports L2TP it will not work with m0n0wall. However, for adventure seekers, there is a how to for using IPsec on a device and L2TP on an internal Windows 200x server to offset the encryption workload: -net.de/l2tp-howto.txt. This has not been tested yet with m0n0wall devices.
Starting in firmware 1.3b6 it is possible to configure domain names to be IPsec connection endpoints. Although fixed IP addresses are recommended for building IPsec connections, using domain names allows IPsec usage with clients whose IP address may change frequently (a home Internet connection or a laptop user at a wireless hotspot for example.)
Starting in firmware 1.3b2 it is possible to use NAT Traversal (NAT-T) with IPsec connections. This feature allows IPsec clients to be behind a NAT device (common in a home or office firewall). Using ESP packets to transmit encrypted data does not allow it to pass through a NAT transformation but encapsulating the encrypted data in UDP packets allows the data to pass through NAT transformations.
Some users have an IP address that changes regularly, The changing IP address can be on either the m0n0wall device or the remote IPSec VPN client. For example a dialup account, DSL Internet modem or simply moving a laptop computer from one wireless hotspot to another all can cause IP addresses that change. While the changing IP address does not affect normal Internet usage, it will break IPSec tunnels that are configured to use a specific DNS name or IP address.
It won't work. It's not the same kind of IPsec client required by m0n0wall. However some users have reported success when using the NAT-T feature (i.. encapsulating encrypted traffic in UDP packets.) FIXME - verify this.
In some cases, most for those people who are granting PPTP access to others they do not fully trust, you will want to limit access (Specific Allow Rules) or mitigate specific access with Deny Rules. With specific allow users would be granted explicit permission to access hosts, and sometimes specific ports, and all other traffic is denied. The latter would be done if you wanted the PPTP clients to access the LAN & WAN but did not want them to access your SAMBA server for instance.
Some ISP's use unreasonably short DHCP lease times, like one hour. If the PPTP client machine gets a short lease from DHCP, it will lose internet connectivity after the lease expires. This is because all network traffic, including your DHCP renewal requests, are going across the VPN. Since it can't hit the local DHCP server through the VPN, when the lease expires your machine will release its IP address. This causes the loss of all connectivity. You have to disconnect from the PPTP (if it doesn't disconnect itself), renew your IP address, and reconnect. This is common on Windows hosts, and likely other OS's as well. If this happens, contact the administrator of your DHCP server (likely the client machine's ISP) and get the lease time lengthened.
Don't forget to enable the DHCP server on your captive portal interface! Make sure that the default/maximum DHCP lease time is higher than the timeout entered on this page. Also, the DNS forwarder needs to be enabled for DNS lookups by unauthenticated clients to work.
Adding allowed IP addresses will allow IP access to/from these addresses through the captive portal without being taken to the portal page. This can be used for a web server serving images for the portal page or a DNS server on another network, for example. By specifying from addresses, it may be used to always allow pass-through access from a client behind the captive portal.
For each entry on the Allowed IP Address list you can use From to always allow an IP address through the captive portal (without authentication). Use To to allow access from all clients (even non-authenticated ones) behind the portal to this IP address. Additionally each entry will contain an IP address and a description for your reference (it is not parsed).
Optionally a redirected URL can be used where clients will be redirected instead of the one they initially tried to access after they've authenticated. After reading this information they are free to access the remote networks since they have already been authenticated. 2ff7e9595c
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